THE FIRST CONDITIONAL
Las oraciones condicionales tienen dos partes:
1. la oración subordinada con if que expresa una condición
2. la oración principal que expresa el resultado (si la condición se cumple o no)
Hay tres clases de condicionales, cada una de las cuales contiene dos tiempos verbales diferentes.
La primera condicional habla de las posibles acciones o acontecimientos que pueden ocurrir o no. 

La
oración condicional comienza con if y va generalmente en presente simple, mientras que la oración
principal va generalmente en futuro con “will” y describe lo que ocurrirá si la condición se cumple, o no
llega a cumplirse.
IF + SUJ + VERB + REST OF SENTENCE /// SUJ + WILL+ VERB+ REST OF SENTENCE
If Alice works hard, she will pass the test
If you play with matches, you will burn your fingers
Tanto la oración principal como la subordinada pueden ir en primer lugar, pero si la oración
subordinada va en primer lugar, hemos de poner una coma entre ambas.
If she likes the dress, she will buy it
La primera condicional puede usarse también para hacer sugerencias y dar instrucciones o
mandatos. En este uso se puede sustituir “will” por un modal o un imperativo.
If you go to Rome, you might visit the Coliseum
If you need my help, call me!
La primera condicional expresa asimismo relaciones objetivas o habituales que son verdaderas e
inmutables. En estas condicionales el verbo suele ir en presente simple en ambas oraciones y puede
sustituirse “IF” por “WHEN” o “WHENEVER”.
If / When you freeze water, it turns to ice
If ... not suele sustituirse por unless. Unless tiene un sentido exclusivo (sólo en el caso de que …)
That dog won´t bite if you don´t kick him
That dog won´t bite unless you kick him

If clause	Main clause
If + Present tense	will  + verb
If it rains today,	I'll stay at home

• If it rains today, I'll stay at home.
  Si llueve hoy, me quedaré en casa.
• If he is busy now, I will come back tomorrow.
  Si está ocupado ahora, regresaré mañana.
• If I have time, I'll visit my parents this afternoon.
  Si tengo tiempo, visitaré a mis padres esta tarde.
• If it is warm tomorrow, we'll go to the beach.
  Si está caluroso mañana, iremos a la playa.
• If you spend more than you earn, you'll become a poor man.
  Si gastas más de lo que ganas, te convertirás en un hombre pobre..
• If we don't hurry, we'll miss our bus.
  Si no nos apuramos, perderemos nuestro autobus.
• If you pay now, you'll get a discount.
  Si pagas ahora, obtendrás un descuento.
• If you drink too much, you'll get drunk.
  Si bebes demasiado, te emborracharás.
• If they don't come here, we'll have to go there.
  • Si ellos no vienen aquí, tendremos que ir allí.
  • exercise

    Put the correct form of each verb in brackets into the box.

    Type all of your answers in the spaces and the and click on "Check answers". If you need help, click "Show a letter".
    1. If you (not study), you (fail) the test.
    2. We (die) if we (not get) help soon!
    3. If you (look) in the fridge, you (find) some cold drinks.
    4. If there (be) no oil in the engine, the car (break) down.
    5. I (lend) you my umbrella if you (need) it.
    6. The sea level (rise) if the planet (get) hotter.
    7. If you (eat) your sandwiches now, you (not have) anything for lunch!
    8. You (be) safe in an accident if you (wear) your seatbelt.
    9. If he (save) all his money, he (be able to go) on holiday to Canada.
    10. I (not come) with you if you (not bring) John!

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    Wish

    Let's start off with the easy part. ' I wish to' can mean the same as 'I want to' but it is much, much more formal and much, much less common.

    • I wish to make a complaint.
    • I wish to see the manager.

    You can also use 'wish' with a noun to 'offer good wishes'.

    • I wish you all the best in your new job.
    • We wish you a merry Christmas.

    Notice that when you want to offer good wishes using a verb, you must use 'hope ' and not 'wish'.

    • We wish you the best of luck.
    • We hope you have the best of luck.
    • I wish you a safe and pleasant journey.
    • I hope you have a safe and pleasant journey.

    However, the main use of 'wish' is to say that we would like things to be different from what they are, that we have regrets about the present situation.

    • I wish I was rich.
    • He wishes he lived in Paris.
    • They wish they'd chosen a different leader.

    Notice that the verb tense which follows 'I wish' is 'more in the past' than the tense corresponding to its meaning.

    • I'm too fat. I wish I was thin.
    • I never get invited to parties. I wish I got invited to parties.
    • It's raining. I wish it wasn't raining.
    • I went to see the latest Star Wars film. I wish I hadn't gone.
    • I've eaten too much. I wish I hadn't eaten so much.
    • I'm going to visit her later. I wish I wasn't going to visit her later.

    In the case of 'will' , where 'will' means 'show willingness' we use 'would'.

    • He won't help me. I wish he would help me.
    • You're making too much noise. I wish you would be quiet.
    • You keep interrupting me. I wish you wouldn't do that.

    Where 'will' means a future event, we cannot use 'wish' and must use 'hope'.

    • There's a strike tomorrow. I hope some buses will still be running.
    • I hope everything will be fine in your new job.

    In more formal English, we use the subjunctive form 'were' and not 'was' after 'wish'.

    • I wish I were taller.
    • I wish it were Saturday today.
    • I wish he were here.